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水平承载力是桩基设计计算的重要指标，当前单桩水平承载力检测仍以传统的慢速维持加载法为主，以高效的动力加载法为辅，其原因是动力加载下桩-土体系的相互作用机理尚不明确，导致承载力检测结果误差较大。研究在对比分析动、静加载下桩基水平承载力试验结果的基础上，构建了能够表征桩-土系统应变率效应的有限元模型，揭示了不同冲击荷载下桩-土相互作用机理及应变率效应。研究发现，传统亚塑性本构模型无法表征桩土动荷载下的响应，换用率相关亚塑性本构模型时，冲击荷载下桩基水平承载力计算误差控制在10%以内，且冲击荷载下单桩水平承载力较慢速维持加载提高8.2%～18.2%,二者差异随冲击能量增大而持续扩大。究其原因，冲击荷载下桩周土的应变率可达101 s-1量级，远高于慢速维持加载下的10-5 s-1量级；当应变率由10-5 s-1增至101 s-1时，桩周土的屈服强度提升50%以上，显著增强了桩-土体系的动态承载能力。需要指出的是，冲击荷载下测得的较高承载力是土体率相关响应的客观反映，若在工程设计中直接以慢速维持加载作为桩基水平承载力的取值依据，而未考虑其与动态冲击下的本质差异，将会低估桩基实际承载能力，从而带来工程安全隐患。
Abstract：Horizontal bearing capacity is an important indicator in pile foundation design calculations.Currently, single pile horizontal bearing capacity testing mainly relies on the traditional slow-maintened loading method, supplemented by the efficient dynamic loading method.The primary reason for this is that the interaction mechanism of the pile-soil system under dynamic loading is still unclear, resulting in significant errors in bearing capacity testing results.Based on the comparative analysis of horizontal bearing capacity test results under dynamic and static loading, this study developed a finite element model capable of representing the strain rate effect of the pile-soil system, revealing the interaction mechanism of the pile-soil system and the strain rate effect on pile foundation bearing capacity under different impact loads.The study found that the traditional sub-plastic constitutive model cannot accurately represent the response of the pile-soil under dynamic loading.When the rate-dependent sub-plastic constitutive model is adopted, the calculation error of the horizontal bearing capacity of the pile foundation under impact loading is controlled within 10%.Further comparison shows that the horizontal bearing capacity of a single pile under impact loading is 8.2% to 18.2% higher than that under slow-maintained loading, and the difference between the two increases continuously with the increase of impact energy.The reason for this is that the strain rate of the soil around the pile under impact loading can reach the order of 101 s-1,which is much higher than the 10-5 s-1 under slow-maintained loading.Test results show that when the strain rate increases from 10-5 s-1 to 101 s-1,the yield strength of the soil around the pile increases by more than 50%,thereby significantly enhancing the dynamic bearing capacity of the pile-soil system.It should be noted that the higher bearing capacity measured under impact loading is an objective reflection of the rate-dependent response of the soil.If this is directly used as the basis for the design value of the horizontal bearing capacity of the pile foundation in engineering without considering the essential difference from slow-maintained loading, it will underestimate the actual bearing capacity of the pile foundation, thereby bringing engineering safety risks.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16468/j.cnki.issn1004-0366.2026.03.010
中图分类号:TU473.11
引用信息:
[1]朱源园.水平冲击荷载下桩土相互作用及应变率效应研究[J].甘肃科学学报,2026,38(03):82-91.DOI:10.16468/j.cnki.issn1004-0366.2026.03.010.
2026-05-13
2026-05-13
2026-05-13